Heir, Trond

Academic Articles

Grimholt, T. K., Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Schou-Bredal, I., Skogstad, L., Ekeberg, Ø., (2024). Prevalence of suicide attempt and associations with deliberate self-harm, mental health problems, drug misuse and traumatic experiences - a cross sectional survey of the Norwegian populationBioMed Central (BMC). doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05610-9

Heir, T., Bendiksen, B., Minteh, F., Kuye, R. A., Lien, I., (2023). Serious life events and associated PTSD in Gambian girls exposed to female genital cuttingFrontiers Media S.A.. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242270

Bonsaksen, T., Brunes, A., Heir, T., (2023). Quality of Life In People With Visual Impairment Compared With the General Population Springer. doi:10.1007/s10389-023-01995-1

Lerdal, A., Gay, C., Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Grimholt, T. K., Heir, T., Kottorp, A., Lee, K. A., Skogstad, L., Schou-Bredal, I., (2023). Validation of a short version of the Lee fatigue scale in adults living in Norway: a cross-sectional population surveyBioMed Central (BMC). doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17036-1

Ghiasvand, R., Berge, L. A. M., Kulle, B., Stenehjem, J. S., Heir, T., Karlstad, Ø., . . . Robsahm, T. E. et al. (2022). Use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a nationwide nested case-control study. International Journal of Epidemiology. doi:10.1093/ije/dyac223

Kan, Z., Søegaard, E. G. I., Siqveland, J., Hussain, A., Hanssen-Bauer, K., Jensen, P., Heiervang, K. S., Ringen, P. A., Ekeberg, Ø., Hem, E., Heir, T., & Thapa, S. (2022). Coping, Social Support and Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Effect on Depression and Anxiety: Patients’ Experiences in Community Mental Health Centers in Norway. Healthcare, 10(5). doi:10.3390/healthcare10050875

Stavem, K., Heir, T., Dammen, T., Brønstad, E., Lerum, T. V., Durheim, M. T., . . . Einvik, G. et al. (2022). The course and determinants of post-traumatic stress over 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931349

Brunes, A., Falkenberg, H. K., Berndtsson, I., & Heir, T. (2022). Use and underuse of mobility aids in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 1-8. doi:10.1080/17483107.2022.2081735

Bredal, I. S., Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., & Heir, T. (2022). A comparison between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers’ anxiety, depression and PTSD during the initial COVID -19 lockdown. Public Health in Practice, 3. doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100267

Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2022). Visual impairment and employment in Norway. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13077-0

Bonsaksen, T., Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2022). Post-traumatic stress disorder in people with visual impairment compared with the general population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 19(2), 619. doi:10.3390/ijerph19020619

Anker, E., Øgrim, K. G., & Heir, T. (2021). Verbal working memory and processing speed: Correlations with the severity of attention deficit and emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD. Journal of Neuropsychology. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12260

Anker, E., Ginsberg, Y., & Heir, T. (2021). Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 226. doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03223-0

Heir, T., Hussain, A., Kristensen, P., & Weisæth, L. (2021). Delayed post-traumatic stress and memory inflation of life-threatening events following a natural disaster: prospective study. BJPsych Open, 7(4), 1-7. doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.955

Moss, S. M., Hauge, M. I., Blix, I., & Heir, T. (2021). “I Could Have Been Dead”: Counterfactual Thinking and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals Directly Exposed to the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Traumatology. doi:10.1037/trm0000356

Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2021). Serious life events in people with visual impairment versus the general population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 18(21). doi:10.3390/ijerph182111536

Berthelsen, M., Hansen, M. B., Hansen, M. B., Nissen, A., Nielsen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2021). The Impact of a Workplace Terrorist Attack on the Psychosocial Work Environment: A Longitudinal Study From Pre- to Post-disaster. Frontiers In Public Health, 9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.708260

Falk, R. S., Mariampillai, J. E., Prestgaard, E. E., Heir, T., Bodegard, J., Robsahm, T. E., . . . Erikssen, J. E. et al. (2021). The Oslo Ischaemia Study: cohort profile. BMJ Open, 11(10). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049111

Dale, M. T. G., Nissen, A., Berthelsen, M., Gjessing, H. K., & Heir, T. (2021). Psychosocial work factors and sick leave risk after a terrorist bomb attack: a survey and registry-based longitudinal study of governmental employees in Norway. BMJ Open, 11. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052628

Brunes, A., Hansen, M. B., & Heir, T. (2021). General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population. PLOS ONE, 16(7), 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254043 Summary

Bredal, I. S., Grimholt, T. K., Bonsaksen, T., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2021). Psychological responses and associated factors during the initial lockdown due to the corona disease epidemic (COVID-19) among Norwegian citizens. Journal of Mental Health, 1-9. doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1952949

Falk, R. S., Robsahm, T. E., Paulsen, J. E., Stocks, T., Drake, I., & Heir, T. (2021). Fasting serum potassium and long-term mortality in healthy men. BMC Public Health, 21. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10738-4

Bredal, I. S., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2021). Concerns in the norwegian population during the initial lockdown due to the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 18(11). doi:10.3390/ijerph18116119

Einvik, G., Dammen, T., Ghanima, W. K., Heir, T., & Stavem, K. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 18(4), 1-12. doi:10.3390/ijerph18042079

Bendiksen, B., Heir, T., Minteh, F., Ziyada, M. M., Kuye, R. A., & Lien, I. L. (2021). The association between physical complications following female genital cutting and the mental health of 12-year-old Gambian girls: A community-based crosssectional study. PLOS ONE, 16, 1-15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245723

Skogstad, L., Bredal, I. S., Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., & Grimholt, T. K. (2021). Concerns related to the COVID-19 in adult Norwegians during the first outbreak in 2020: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 18(8). doi:10.3390/ijerph18084312

Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Bredal, I. S., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., & Grimholt, T. K. (2021). Use of alcohol and addictive drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway: associations with mental health and pandemic-related problems. Frontiers In Public Health, 9:667729(429), 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.667729

van der Ham, A. J., van der Aa, H. P., Brunes, A., Heir, T., de Vries, R., van Rens, G. H., & van Nispen, R. M. (2021). The development of posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with visual impairment: a systematic search and review. Ophthalmic & physiological optics, 41(2), 331-341. doi:10.1111/opo.12784

Bonsaksen, T., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Bredal, I. S., & Grimholt, T. K. (2021). Suicide Thoughts and Attempts in the Norwegian General Population during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 1-9. doi:10.3390/ijerph18084102

Heir, T., Stokke, E. H., & Tvenge, K. P. (2021). The Role of Workplace on Work Participation and Sick Leave after a Terrorist Attack: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 18(4). doi:10.3390/ijerph18041920 Summary

Bredal, I. S., Grimholt, T. K., Bonsaksen, T., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2021). Optimists' and pessimists' self-reported mental and global health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Health Psychology Report, 9(2), 1-9. doi:10.5114/hpr.2021.102394

Falk, R. S., Falk, R. S., Heir, T., Robsahm, T. E., Tretli, S., Sandvik, L., Erikssen, J. E., & Paulsen, J. E. (2020). Fasting serum levels of potassium and sodium in relation to long-term risk of cancer in healthy men. Clinical Epidemiology, 12, 1-8. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S216438

Berge, L. A., Kulle, B., Stenehjem, J. S., Heir, T., Karlstad, Ø., Juzeniene, A., . . . Robsahm, T. E. et al. (2020). Use of immunomodulating drugs and risk of cutaneous melanoma: A nationwide nested case-control study. Clinical Epidemiology, 12, 1389-1401. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S269446

Anker, E., Haavik, J., & Heir, T. (2020). Alcohol and drug use disorders in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Prevalence and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and emotional dysregulation. World Journal of Psychiatry (WJP), 10, 202-211. doi:10.5498/wjp.v10.i9.202

Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2020). Security interventions and perceived safety and threat following workplace terrorism: a three-wave longitudinal study of ministerial employees in Norway. Journal of Risk Research, 1-15. doi:10.1080/13669877.2020.1848903

Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Schou-Bredal, I., Bredal, I. S., Ekeberg, Ø., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., & Grimholt, T. K. (2020). Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), 17(24), 1-10. doi:10.3390/ijerph17249210

Langeland, W., Jepsen, E. K. K., Brand, B. L., Kleven, L., Loewenstein, R. J., Putnam, F. W., . . . Heir, T. et al. (2020). The economic burden of dissociative disorders: A qualitative systematic review of empirical studies. Psychological Trauma, 12(7), 730-738. doi:10.1037/tra0000556

Nissen, A., Berthelsen, M., Grønning Dale, M. T., Hansen, M. B., & Heir, T. (2020). Is perceived safety and threat after workplace terrorism linked to employee sick-leave? A registry-based longitudinal study of governmental employees in Norway. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11:185249(1), 1-13. doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1785249 Summary

Grønning Dale, M. T., Nissen, A. F. W., Berthelsen, M., & Heir, T. (2020). Post-traumatic stress reactions and doctor-certified sick leave after a workplace terrorist attack: Norwegian cohort study. BMJ Open, 10(2). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032693 Summary

Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2020). Visual impairment and depression: Age-specific prevalence, associations with vision loss, and relation to life satisfaction. World Journal of Psychiatry (WJP), 10(6), 139-149. doi:10.5498/wjp.v10.i6.139 Summary

Bonsaksen, T., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Lerdal, A., & Bredal, I. S. (2020). Substance use in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associations with disease. Journal of Substance Use. doi:10.1080/14659891.2020.1784303

Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2020). Social interactions, experiences with adverse life events and depressive symptoms in individuals with visual impairment: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02652-7 Summary

Ormstad, H., Eilertsen, G., Heir, T., & Sandvik, L. (2020). Personality traits and the risk of becoming lonely in old age: A 5-year follow-up study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(47). doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01303-5

Berge, L. A., Kulle, B., Stenehjem, J. S., Heir, T., Furu, K., Juzeniene, A., . . . Robsahm, T. E. et al. (2020). Use of Antidepressants and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Prospective Registry-Based Case-Control Study. Clinical Epidemiology, 12, 193-202. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S241249

Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., Ekeberg, Ø., Lerdal, A., & Schou-Bredal, I.Bredal, I. S. (2020). Daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associated factors. Drugs and alcohol today. doi:10.1108/DAT-02-2020-0010

Berthelsen, M., Hansen, M. B., Nissen, A., Nielsen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2020). Effects of exposure to workplace terrorism on subsequent doctor certified sickness absence, and the modifying role of psychological and social work factors: a combined survey and register study. BMC Public Health, 20(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08465-3

Bredal, I. S., Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., Lerdal, A., & Heir, T. (2020). Sexual assault and the association with health, quality of life and self-efficacy in the general Norwegian population. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260520926307

Brunes, A., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2019). Einsamkeit bei Erwachsenen mit Sehbehinderung: Prävalenz, assoziierte Faktoren und Zusammenhang mit der Lebenszufriedenheit. Karger Kompass Ophthalmologie, 5(3), 110-117. doi:10.1159/000502498

Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., Grimholt, T. K., Lerdal, A., & Bredal, I. S. (2019). Self-rated global health in the Norwegian general population. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1258-y

Robsahm, T. E., Heir, T., Sandvik, L., Prestgaard, E. E., Tretli, S., Erikssen, J. E., & Falk, R. S. (2019). Changes in midlife fitness, body mass index, and smoking influence cancer incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study in men. Cancer Medicine, 8(10), 4875-4882. doi:10.1002/cam4.2383

Heir, T., Bonsaksen, T., Grimholt, T. K., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Lerdal, A., & Bredal, I. S. (2019). Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population. BJPsych Open, 5(5), 1-7. doi:10.1192/bjo.2019.62

Berge, L. A., Kulle, B., Stenehjem, J. S., Larsen, I. K., Furu, K., Juzeniene, A., Roscher, I., Heir, T., Green, A., Veierød, M. B., & Robsahm, T. E. (2019). Cardiovascular, antidepressant and immunosuppressive drug use in relation to risk of cutaneous melanoma: A protocol for a prospective case-control study. BMJ Open, 9:e025246(2), 1-8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025246

Brunes, A., Hansen, M. B., & Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2019). Loneliness among adults with visual impairment: Prevalence, associated factors, and relationship to life satisfaction. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 1-7. doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1096-y

Grimholt, T. K., Bonsaksen, T., Bredal, I. S., Heir, T., Lerdal, A., Skogstad, L., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2019). Flight anxiety reported from 1986 to 2015. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 90(4), 384-388. doi:10.3357/AMHP.5125.2019

Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Grimholt, T. K., Lerdal, A., Skogstad, L., & Bredal, I. S. (2019). Self-evaluated anxiety in the Norwegian population: Prevalence and associated factors. Archives of Public Health, 77(10). doi:10.1186/s13690-019-0338-0

Bredal, I. S., Bonsaksen, T., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Lerdal, A., Grimholt, T. K., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2019). Optimists report fewer physical and mental health conditions than pessimists in the general Norwegian population. Health Psychology Report, 7(1), 9. doi:10.5114/hpr.2019.81003

Nissen, A., Hansen, M., Bang Hansen, M., Nielsen, M. B., Birkeland Nielsen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2019). Employee safety perception following workplace terrorism. A longitudinal study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10. doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1478584

Hansen, M., Bang Hansen, M., Berthelsen, M., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2018). Sick leave before and after a work-place targeted terror attack. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1390-8 Summary

Anker, E., Halmøy, A., & Heir, T. (2018). Work participation in ADHD and associations with social characteristics, education, lifetime depression, and ADHD symptom severity. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 1-7. doi:10.1007/s12402-018-0260-2

Brunes, A., & Heir, T. (2018). Sexual assaults in individuals with visual impairment: A cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample. BMJ Open, 8(6). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021602 Summary

Bonsaksen, T., Grimholt, T. K., Skogstad, L., Lerdal, A., Ekeberg, Ø., Heir, T., & Bredal, I. S. (2018). Self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population - associations with neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, and general self-efficacy. BMC Public Health, 18(1076). doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5990-8

Anker, E., Bendiksen, B., & Heir, T. (2018). Comorbid psychiatric disorders in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and associations with education, work and social characteristics: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 8(e019700). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019700

Brunes, A., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2018). Post-traumatic stress reactions among individuals with visual impairments: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(18), 2111-2118. doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1459884

Brunes, A., Nielsen, M. B., & Heir, T. (2018). Bullying among people with visual impairment. Prevalence, associated factors and relationship to self-efficacy and life satisfaction. World Journal of Psychiatry (WJP), 22(1), 43-50. doi:10.5498/wjp.v8.i1.43 Summary

Bonsaksen, T., Lerdal, A., Heir, T., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Grimholt, T. K., & Schou-Bredal, I.Bredal, I. S. (2018). General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. doi:10.1177/1403494818756701

Meyer DeMott, M. A., Jakobsen, M., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Heir, T. (2017). A controlled early group intervention study for unaccompanied minors: Can Expressive Arts alleviate symptoms of trauma and enhance life satisfaction. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58(6), 510-518. doi:10.1111/sjop.12395

Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms after a Terrorist Attack: A Network Approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02091

Falk, R. S., Tretli, S., Paulsen, J. E., Sandvik, L., Erikssen, J. E., & Heir, T. (2017). Response to Intravenous Glucose-Tolerance Test and Risk of Cancer: A Long-Term Prospective Cohort Study. EBioMedicine, 21, 117-122. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.018

Kristensen, P., Dyregrov, A., Weisæth, L., Straume, M., Dyregrov, K., Heir, T., & Bugge, R. (2017). Optimizing visits to the site of death for bereaved families after disasters and terror events. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 12(2), 523-527. doi:10.1017/dmp.2017.94

Jakobsen, M., Meyer DeMott, M. A., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Heir, T. (2017). The impact of the asylum process on mental health: A longitudinal study of unaccompanied refugee minors in Norway. BMJ Open, 7(6). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015157 Summary

Hansen, M., Birkeland, M. S., Nissen, A., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Prevalence and course of symptom-defined PTSD in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry, 80(2), 171-183. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1230983

Jakobsen, M., Meyer DeMott, M. A., & Heir, T. (2017). Validity of screening for psychiatric disorders in unaccompanied minor asylum seekers: Use of computer-based assessment. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54(5-6), 611-625. doi:10.1177/1363461517722868

Bredal, I. S., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Bonsaksen, T., Lerdal, A., Grimholt, T. K., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2017). Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(3), 216-224. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005

Robsahm, T. E., Falk, R. S., Heir, T., Sandvik, L., Vos, L., Vos, L., Erikssen, J. E., & Tretli, S. (2017). Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of site-specific cancers: a long-term prospective cohort study. Cancer Medicine, 6(4), 865-873. doi:10.1002/cam4.1043

Nygaard, E., Johansen, V. A., Siqveland, J., Hussain, A., & Heir, T. (2017). Longitudinal relationship between self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress symptoms 8 years after a violent assault: An autoregressive cross-lagged model. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-10. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00913

Birkeland, M. S., & Heir, T. (2017). Making connections: exploring the centrality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1333387

Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Hansen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). Like a bridge over troubled water? A longitudinal study of general social support, colleague support, and leader support as recovery factors after a traumatic event. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1). doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1302692 Summary

Nielsen, M. B., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). Victimization from workplace bullying after a traumatic event: time-lagged relationships with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 90(5), 411-421. doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1204-4

Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). For Whom Does Time Heal Wounds? Individual Differences in Stability and Change in Posttraumatic Stress after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(1), 19-26. doi:10.1002/jts.22158 Summary

Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Hansen, M., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). The impact of a workplace terrorist attack on employees' perceptions of leadership: A longitudinal study from pre- to postdisaster. Leadership Quarterly, 28(5), 659-671. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.01.002 Summary

Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). Does optimism act as a buffer against posttraumatic stress over time? A longitudinal study of the protective role of optimism after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Psychological Trauma, 9(2), 207-213. doi:10.1037/tra0000188 Summary

Saur, R., Hansen, M., Jansen, A., & Heir, T. (2017). Visually impaired individuals, safety perceptions and traumatic events: a qualitative study of hazards, reactions and coping. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(7), 691-696. doi:10.3109/09638288.2016.1161836 Summary

Robsahm, T. E., Falk, R. S., Heir, T., Sandvik, L., Vos, L., Vos, L., Erikssen, J. E., & Tretli, S. (2016). Measured cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported physical activity: associations with cancer risk and death in a long-term prospective cohort study. Cancer Medicine, 5(8), 2136-2144. doi:10.1002/cam4.773

Hagen, C., Lien, L., Hauff, E., & Heir, T. (2016). Mindfulness, Sustained Attention and Post-traumatic Stress in Tsunami Survivors. PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES, 2(2), 54-63. doi:10.17140/PCSOJ-2-115

Blix, I., Kanten, A. B., Birkeland, M. S., Solberg, Ø., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2016). Thinking About What Might Have Happened: Counterfactual Thinking and Post-traumatic Stress in Individuals Directly and Indirectly Exposed to the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(6), 983-991. doi:10.1002/acp.3289 Summary

Skogstad, L., Heir, T., Hauff, E., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2016). Post-traumatic stress among rescue workers after terror attacks in Norway. Occupational Medicine, 66(7), 528-535. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqw063 Summary

Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2016). Perceived safety at work in the wake of terror: The importance of security measures and emergency preparedness. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(6), 805-811. doi:10.1017/dmp.2016.45 Summary

Heir, T., Falk, R. S., Robsahm, T. E., Sandvik, L., Erikssen, J. E., & Erikssen, J., & Tretli, S. (2016). Cholesterol and prostate cancer risk: A long-term prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2691-5

Solberg, Ø., Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). Towards an exposure-dependent model of Posttraumatic stress: Longitudinal Course of Posttraumatic stress Symptomatology and Functional Impairment after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Psychological Medicine, 46(15), 3241-3254. doi:10.1017/S0033291716001860 Summary

Nilsen, A. S., Blix, I., Leknes, S., Ekeberg, Ø., Skogstad, L., Endestad, T., . . . Heir, T. et al. (2016). Brain activity in response to trauma-specific, negative, and neutral stimuli. A fMRI study of recent road traffic accident survivors. Frontiers in Psychology, 7:1173. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01173 Summary

Nilsen, A. S., Hilland, E., Kogstad, N., Heir, T., Hauff, E., Lien, L., & Endestad, T. (2016). Right temporal cortical hypertrophy in resilience to trauma: an MRI study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.31314

Hagen, C., Lien, L., Hauff, E., & Heir, T. (2016). Is mindfulness protective against PTSD? A neurocognitive study of 25 Tsunami disaster survivors. Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine (JNRBM), 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12952-016-0056-x

Hussain, A., Nygaard, E., Siqveland, J., & Heir, T. (2016). The relationship between psychiatric morbidity and quality of life: interview study of Norwegian tsunami survivors 2 and 6 years post-disaster. BMC Psychiatry, 16. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0868-8

Birkeland, M. S., Knatten, C. K., Hansen, M., Hem, C., & Heir, T. (2016). Long-term relationships between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing: A three-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 230-235. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.037 Summary

Heir, T., Blix, I., & Knatten, C. K. (2016). Thinking that one's life was in danger: perceived life threat in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror. British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(4), 306-310. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.170167 Summary

Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Solberg, Ø., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). The Launching and Ensnaring Effects of Construing a Traumatic Event as Central to One's Identity and Life Story. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(4), 526-531. doi:10.1002/acp.3224 Summary

Nygaard, E., Hussain, A., Siqveland, J., & Heir, T. (2016). General self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress after a natural disaster: a longitudinal study. BMC Psychology, 4(1). doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0119-2 Summary

Kristensen, P., Dyregrov, K., Dyregrov, A., & Heir, T. (2016). Media exposure and prolonged grief: A study of bereaved parents and siblings after the 2011 utøya island terror attack. Psychological Trauma, 8(6), 661-667. doi:10.1037/tra0000131 Summary

Strandmoen, J. F., Askeland, I. R., Tjersland, O. A., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Heir, T. (2016). Intimate Partner Violence in Men Voluntarily Attending Treatment: A Study of Couple Agreement. Violence and Victims, 31(1), 124-134. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00193 Summary

Nordløkken, A., Pape, H., & Heir, T. (2016). Alcohol consumption in the aftermath of a natural disaster: A longitudinal study. Public Health, 132, 33-39. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.007 Summary

Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). Posttraumatic Growth—An Antecedent and Outcome of Posttraumatic Stress: Cross-Lagged Associations Among Individuals Exposed to Terrorism. Clinical Psychological Science, 4(4), 620-628. doi:10.1177/2167702615615866 Summary

Hem, C., Nielsen, M. B., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2016). Effort-reward imbalance and post-traumatic stress after a workplace terror attack. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(2), 219-224. doi:10.1017/dmp.2015.158 Summary

Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2015). Time-lagged relationships between leadership behaviors and psychological distress after a workplace terrorist attack. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 89(4), 689-697. doi:10.1007/s00420-015-1106-2 Summary

Solberg, Ø., Blix, I., & Heir, T. (2015). The aftermath of terrorism: posttraumatic stress and functional impairment after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Frontiers in Psychology. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01156 Summary

Teodorescu, D. S., Heir, T., Siqveland, J., Hauff, E., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Lien, L. (2015). Chronic pain in multi-traumatized outpatients with a refugee background resettled in Norway: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychology, 3(1). doi:10.1186/S40359-015-0064-5 Summary

Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2015). Associations between work environment and psychological distress after a workplace terror attack: The importance of role expectations, predictability and leader support. PLOS ONE, 10(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119492 Summary

Nissen, A., Nielsen, M. B., Solberg, Ø., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2015). Perception of threat and safety at work among employees in the Norwegian ministries after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 28(6), 650-662. doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1009831 Summary

Siqveland, J., Nygaard, E., Hussain, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & Heir, T. (2015). Posttraumatic growth, depression and posttraumatic stress in relation to quality of life in tsunami survivors: A longitudinal study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13:18. doi:10.1186/s12955-014-0202-4 Summary

Kristensen, P., Weisæth, L., Hussain, A., & Heir, T. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and functional impairment after loss of a family member:A longitudinal study after the 2004 tsunami. Depression and Anxiety, 32(1), 49-56. doi:10.1002/da.22269 Summary

Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M., & Heir, T. (2015). Posttraumatic Growth and Centrality of Event: A Longitudinal Study in the Aftermath of the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Psychological Trauma, 7(1), 18-23. doi:10.1037/tra0000006 Summary

Birkeland, M. S., Hafstad, G. S., Blix, I., & Heir, T. (2015). Latent classes of posttraumatic stress and growth. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 28(3), 272-286. doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.956097 Summary

Jakobsen, M., Meyer, M., & Heir, T. (2014). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among unaccompanied asylumseeking adolescents in Norway. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 10(1), 53-58. doi:10.2174%2F1745017901410010053 Summary

Jepsen, E. K. K., Langeland, W., & Heir, T. (2014). Early Traumatized Inpatients High in Psychoform and Somatoform Dissociation: Characteristics and Treatment Response. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15(5), 572-587. doi:10.1080/15299732.2014.924461

Askeland, I. R., & Heir, T. (2014). Psychiatric disorders among men voluntarily in treatment for violent behaviour: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 4(4). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004485 Summary

Rosendal, S., Mortensen, E., Andersen, H., & Heir, T. (2014). Use of health care services before and after a natural disaster among survivors with and without PTSD. Psychiatric Services, 65(1), 91-97. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200535 Summary

Vervliet, M., Meyer, M., Jakobsen, M., Broekaert, E., Heir, T., & Derluyn, I. (2014). The mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors on arrival in the host country. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 33-37. doi:10.1111/sjop.12094 Summary

Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2014). Centrality of event and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder after the 2011 Oslo bombing attack. Applied Cognitive Psychology. doi:10.1002/acp.2988 Summary

Jepsen, E. K. K., Langeland, W., Sexton, H., & Heir, T. (2014). Inpatient treatment for early sexually abused adults: A naturalistic 12-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma, 6(2), 142-151. doi:10.1037/a0031646 Summary

Jepsen, E. K. K., Langeland, W., & Heir, T. (2013). Impact of dissociation and interpersonal functioning on inpatient treatment for early sexually abused adults. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.22825 Summary

Hussain, A., Weisæth, L., & Heir, T. (2013). Posttraumatic stress and symptom improvement in Norwegian tourists exposed to the 2004 tsunami - a longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 232. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-232 Summary

Hansen, M., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2013). Proximity to terror and post-traumatic stress: a follow-up survey of governmental employees after the 2011 Oslo bombing attack. BMJ Open, 3(7). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002692 Summary

Heir, T., Erikssen, J. E., & Sandvik, L. (2013). Life style and longevity among initially healthy middle-aged men: prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 13:831. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-831 Summary

Askeland, I. R., & Heir, T. (2013). Early dropout in men voluntarily undergoing treatment for intimate partner violence in Norway. Violence and Victims, 28(5), 822-831. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00137 Summary

Blix, I., Hansen, M., Birkeland, M. S., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2013). Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress and psychological adjustment in the aftermath of the 2011 Oslo bombing attack. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11:160. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-160 Summary

Nordløkken, A., Pape, H., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Heir, T. (2013). Changes in alcohol consumption after a natural disaster: a study of Norwegian survivors after the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami. BMC Public Health, 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-58 Summary

Skogstad, M., Skorstad, M. H., Lie, A., Conradi, H. S., Heir, T., & Weisæth, L. (2013). Work-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Occupational Medicine, 63(3), 175-182. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqt003 Summary

Heir, T., Rosendal, S., Bergh-Johannesson, K., Michel, P. O., Mortensen, E., Weisæth, L., . . . Hultman, C. M. et al. (2011). Tsunami-affected Scandinavian tourists: Disaster exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 65(1), 9. doi:10.3109/08039481003786394

Michel, P., Rosendal, S., Weisæth, L., & Heir, T. (2011). Use of and satisfaction with support received among survivors from three Scandinavian countries after the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. European psychiatry, 26(7), 436-440. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.09.009

Askeland, I. R., Evang, A., & Heir, T. (2011). Association of violence against partner and former victim experiences: A sample of clients voluntarily attending therapy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(6), 1095-1110. doi:10.1177/0886260510368152

Heir, T., Piatigorsky, A., & Weisæth, L. (2010). Posttraumatic stress symptom clusters associated with psychopatology adn functional impairment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 936-940. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.020

Kristensen, P., Weisaeth, L., & Heir, T. (2010). Predictors of Complicated Grief After a Natural Disaster: A Population Study Two Years After the 2004 South-East Asian Tsunami. Death Studies, 34(2), 137-150. doi:10.1080/07481180903492455

Hussain, A., Weisæth, L., & Heir, T. (2009). Nonresponse to a Population-Based Postdisaster Postal Questionnaire Study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(4), 324-328. doi:10.1002/jts.20431

Thoresen, S., Tambs, K., Hussein, A., Heir, T., Johansen, V. A., & Bisson, J. I. (2009). Brief measure of posttraumatic stress reactions: Impact of Event Scale-6. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0073-x

Heir, T., Piatigorsky, A., & Weisæth, L. (2009). Longitudinal changes in recalled perceived life threat after a natural disaster. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(6), 510-514. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056580

Kristensen, P., Weisæth, L., & Heir, T. (2009). Psychiatric disorders among disaster bereaved. An interview study of individuals directly or not directly exposed to the 2004 tsunami. Depression and Anxiety, 26(12), 1127-1133. doi:10.1002/da.20625

Heir, T., Hussain, A., & Weisæth, L. (2008). Managing the after-effects of disaster trauma – the essentials of early intervention. European Psychiatric Review, 1(1), 66-69.

Heir, T., & Weisæth, L. (2008). Acute Disaster Exposure and Mental Health Complaints of Norwegian Tsunami Survivors Six Months Post Disaster. Psychiatry, 71(3), 266-276.

Weisæth, L., Dyb, G., & Heir, T. (2007). Disaster medicine and mental health. Who, how, when for international and national disasters. Psychiatry, 70(4), 337-344.

Heir, T., & Weisæth, L. (2006). Back to where it happened: Self-reported improvement of Tsunami Survivors who returned to the disaster area. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 21, 59-63.

Heir, T., & Sookermany, A. M. (1999). Trening og skader i Forsvaret - kan det gjøres bedre? In Kunnskap om idrett (pp. 73-80). .

Heir, T. (1998). Musculoskeletal Injuries in Officer Training: One-Year Follow-Up. Military medicine, 163(4), 229-233.

Heir, T., & Eide, G. (1997). Injury proneness in infantry conscripts undergoing a physical training programme: smokeless tobacco use, higher age, and low levels of physical fit are risk factors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 7, 304-311.

Heir, T., & Glomsaker, P. (1996). Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among Norwegian conscripts undergoing basic military training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 6, 186-191.

Heir, T., & Eide, G. (1996). Age, body composition, aerobic fitness and health condition as risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in conscripts. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 6, 222-227.

Heir, T., & Stemshaug, H. (1995). Salbutamol and high-intensity treadmill running in nonasthmatic highly conditioned athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 5, 231-236.

Heir, T., & Larsen, S. (1995). The influence of training intensity, airway infections and environmental conditions on seasonal variations in bronchial responsiveness in cross-country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 5, 152-159.

Heir, T., Aanestad, G., & Carlsen, K. H. (1995). Respiratory tract infection and bronchial responsiveness in elite athletes and sedentary control subjects. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 5, 94-99.

Heir, T. (1994). Longitudinal variations in bronchial responsiveness in cross-country skiers and control subjects. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 4, 134-139.

Heir, T., & Oseid, S. (1994). Self-reported asthma and exercise-induced asthma symptoms in high-level competitive cross-country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 4, 128-133.

Books and dissertations

Heir, T. (1998). Skader ved trening av militært personell Norwegian only. (Dissertation).

Reports

Heir, T., Hansen, M. B., Bonsaksen, T., Saur, R., & Brunes, A. (2022). Synstap og psykisk helse Norwegian only. NKVTS, Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for sansetap og psykisk helse.

Askeland, I. R., Lømo, B., Strandmoen, J. F., Heir, T., & Tjersland, O. A. (2012). Kjennetegn hos menn som har oppsøkt Alternativ til Vold (ATV) for vold i nære relasjoner [Characteristics of men in treatment at Alternative to Violence (ATV) for violent behavior within a close relationship.] Norwegian only. Summary

Skogstad, M., Skorstad, M., Lau, B., Conradi, H. S., Heir, T., & Weisæth, L. (2011). Posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD) og arbeidslivet [Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and work life] Norwegian only. (STAMI-rapport Nr. 3). Summary

Saur, R., Hjemdal, O. K., & Heir, T. (2011). Research and education on prevention of violence at the Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies. (Rapport 6/2011). Summary

Saur, R., Hjemdal, O. K., & Heir, T. (2011). Voldsforebyggende forskning og undervisning ved Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress Norwegian only. (Rapport 5/2011). Summary

Saur, R., Hustad, A. E., & Heir, T. (2011). Voldsforebygging i Norge. Aktiviteter og tiltak mot vold i nære relasjoner Norwegian only. (Rapport 3/2011).

Saur, R., Hustad, A. E., & Heir, T. (2011). Violence prevention in Norway. Activities and measures to prevent violence in close relationships. (Rapport 4/2011). Summary

Hussain, A., Heir, T., & Weisæth, L. (2010). Psykiske belastningsskader hos militært personell etter tjeneste i utenlandsoperasjoner. Kunnskapsoppdatering Norwegian only.

Lindgaard, C. V., Heir, T., Tønnesen, A., & Weisæth, L. (2007). Oppfølging av norske reisende etter Tsunamien i Sør Øst Asia 2004 : beskrivelse av de første resultatene [Follow-up of Norwegian travelers after the tsunami in Southeast Asia 2004: description of the first results.] Norwegian only. Summary

Heir, T. (2003). Forsvarets helseundersøkelse; legeundersøkelse av personell som har tjenestegjort i internasjonale operasjoner i perioden 1990 - 2001 Norwegian only.

Other publications

Skogstad, M., Skorstad, M., Lie, A., Heir, T., & Weisæth, L. (2013). Debriefing ved alvorlig traumatisk stressbelastning - bør vi fortsette med det. Ramazzini: norsk tidsskrift for arbeids- og miljømedisin, 20(1), 16-18.